Obesity is a significant global health concern, closely linked to an increased risk of various cancers. Several biological mechanisms contribute to this heightened risk. Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue leads to the release of cytokines, promoting tumor development. Hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated estrogen levels in obese individuals, are associated with cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer. Additionally, obesity-induced alterations in gut microbiota can trigger inflammatory responses, further elevating cancer risk. Adipose tissue also secretes adipokines like leptin and adiponectin; in obesity, increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels create an environment conducive to cancer progression.
Addressing obesity is crucial for cancer prevention. Adopting a balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in cancer development. Regular physical activity enhances metabolism and decreases chronic inflammation, lowering the risk of obesity-associated cancers. In cases of severe obesity, bariatric surgery has been shown to significantly reduce cancer incidence by facilitating substantial weight loss. Pharmacological interventions targeting weight loss and specific cancer-related pathways offer additional preventive measures. Ongoing research aims to develop personalized strategies considering individual factors like genetics, age, and specific cancer types to effectively mitigate obesity-related cancer risks. Click for More Details
